Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Porter s Five Forces Model - 1539 Words

Porter s Five Forces Model Introduction The cosmetic industry is influenced by a wide range of factors that affect market growth and profits for businesses. The cosmetic industry has continued to record a substantial strong growth over the years and developed as one of the industries holding the highest potential for further development and growth. The market characteristics can reduce or increase the chances of success for new market entrants (Porter, 2008). Using Porter’s five forces model, businesses can be able to analyze the market and determine its attractiveness for investments. A major concern in health care is the quality. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the market attractiveness for a new cosmetic surgery clinic in†¦show more content†¦The industry has also recorded growth in the development of new customer segments. For instance, the desire to look young has increased the demand for male cosmetic surgery by 327% between 1997 and 2015 (Business Wire, 2016). The use of cosmetic surgery is a lso expected to increase going by the popular trends in media. The high demand for cosmetic surgery services is also demonstrated by the development of cosmetic surgery tourism. As the demand for cosmetic surgery remains high, the existing market players are unlikely to engage in aggressive market tactics such as price wars. New Market Entrants There are various market barriers that are likely to affect the potential of growth for new market entrants. New market entrants are likely to experience challenges with product or service differentiation. Product differentiation is achieved through brand recognition and is crucial in creating customer loyalty. Brand recognition is an important barrier for new entrants because of high emphasis on quality in the cosmetic industry (Gaynor, 2007). Quality of services and products is a major component of competition in the industry. New market entrants may be forced to spend a lot of resources in brand differentiation activities so that to gain customer loyalty. It might take time before the new business is able to overcome the customer loyalty towards the existing competitors. The new business willShow MoreRelatedThe Porter s Five Forces Model1281 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The Porter s Five Forces model, which was named after Michael E. Porter, identifies and analyzes five competitive forces that shape every industry, and helps determine an industry s weaknesses and strengths. These forces are: †¢ Competition in the industry; †¢ Potential of new entrants into the industry; †¢ Power of suppliers; †¢ Power of customers; †¢ Threat of substitute products. It is commonly used to identify an industry s structure to determine corporate strategy. Porter s model can beRead MorePorter s Five Forces Model Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesPorter s Five Forces model (PFF) is a powerful instrument that can be utilized by companies to investigate its situation and identify its industry s competitors. Analyzing industry will help any business in determining the competitive strength and weaknesses. By using PFF model, investors can gain valuable information regarding what the actual factors that affect the organization s profitability (Evans Neu 2008). This paper will analyze the Cola Wars case study based on the PFF model, and theRead MorePorter s Five Forces Model1611 Words   |  7 PagesPorter’s Five Forces In order to further figure out the failure of GM in Korea, we decided to analyse it from industrial perspective. The five forces model, which was developed by the Harvard professor Michael Porter, is going to be applied to the case. Porter’s five force model demonstrates that the Threat of New Entrant, the Threat of Substitute Products or services, the Bargaining Power of Buyers, the Bargaining Power of Suppliers and the Rivalry among the Existing Competitors are the forces thatRead MorePorter s Five Forces Model1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe next facet of the Porter’s Five Forces model, the bargaining power of suppliers, has a low to medium level of influence in the automotive industry. Suppliers can be easily replaced if an automotive producer is unhappy with the quality or price of their product. However, suppliers can have catastrophic effects on an automotive producer when their products fail and need to be recalled. For example, Firestone produced faulty tires equ ipped to the Ford Explorer which caused over 250 deaths, billionsRead MorePorter s Five Forces Model Essay1793 Words   |  8 PagesPorter’s Five Forces Model for the ACA helps explain how the system is currently being utilized in an unforeseen manner. (1) Competition in the industry is the private insurance, but in the unique world of healthcare, the competition does not infringe upon each other as conventional competition would. Private insurers have agreed to participate in the government’s exchange in return for more customers, but the premiums that new customers would pay are not conducive to profitability by the participatingRead MorePorter s Five Forces Model Analysis Essay2575 Words   |  11 Pages PORTER S FIVE FORCE MODEL ANALYSIS Name: Institution: Course: Date: Porter s Five Forces Model Analysis Introduction Porter’s five forces model was developed by Michael Porter in 1980 as a technique for industry analysis. An industry consists of a group of firms which are involved in the production of commodities which are close substitutes for one another. Essentially the five forces model provides corporations with a means of analyzing their fellow competitors within the market (PorterRead MoreAnalysis Of Porter s Five Forces Model1757 Words   |  8 Pagesand profits. Why is this so? FIVE FORCES MODEL Until recently, Porter’s Five Forces Model was the dominant theory applied to factors driving competitive forces in an industry. It hypothesizes that the level of competitive intensity within an industry arises from five specific sources in determining attractiveness of an industry to potential entrants. Porter developed Five Forces Analysis in response to SWOT analysis, a model he found too vague. In this economic model, while rivalry between competingRead MoreCase Study : Porter s Five Forces Model1153 Words   |  5 PagesORGANIZATION-EBAY Abstract Porter sFiveForce Porter s Five Forces Model is a critical instrument to break down an outer aggressive environment of the business. The model incorporates threat of entry, the threat of rivalry, the threat of suppliers, the threat of purchasers and threat of substitutes. How the five forces analysis reveal about the nature and strength of the various competitive pressures eBay faces Threat of Entry This business is an Internet-driven administration industryRead MoreHow to use porter s five forces model2243 Words   |  9 Pages7/22/2015 How to use porter s five forces model ïÆ'‰ (http://www.smartinsights.com)  Sign in (/wp-login.php) Become a member (/membership/) Resources (/digital-marketing-advice/) Blog (/blog/) About (/about/) Contact us (/contact-us/) How to use Porter’s five Forces NOVEMBER 18, 2013 MARKETING MODELS (HTTP://WWW.SMARTINSIGHTS.COM/MARKETING-PLANNING/MARKETING-MODELS/) (http://www.smartinsights.com/marketing-planning/marketing-models/porters-five-forces/?share=twitternb=1) (http://www.smartinsightsRead MoreCase Study : Porter s Five Forces Model1132 Words   |  5 Pages Organization-Ebay Institution: Name: â€Æ' Abstract Porter sFiveForce Porter s Five Forces Model is a critical instrument to break down an outer aggressive environment of the business. The model incorporates threat of entry, threat of rivalry, threat of suppliers, threat of purchasers and threat of substitutes. How the five forces analysis reveal about the nature and strength of the various competitive pressures eBay faces Risk of Entry This business is an Internet driven organization

Monday, December 16, 2019

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Top 10 Best Essay Writing Topics

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Top 10 Best Essay Writing Topics The Fight Against Top 10 Best Essay Writing Topics Mark 16 May, 2018 Essay Writing 2 Comments If you're in two minds about which essay writing service to pick for your tricky essay, then be concerned not, we've got a plethora of choices for you. Completely free examples to essay an approach. Boom Essays are a worldwide company based in the usa. If you ask us for help, you may rest assured your essay is going to be written by real professionals. The fantastic thing about Boom Essays is that they just provide one off, custom essays to each customer. If you discover yourself here, you're probably searching for some essay paper help. Obviously, the ideal means is to order an essay online. With us, you may rest assured you will receive an ideal essay for appropriate money. The distinction is in our very best custom writing assignments. Our company employs writers that are English native speakers so they can help you in writing custom research papers that will help you. One of the principal explanations for why college students should not be concerned about writing quality college essays is the simple fact that help with writing is already a service that's easily available and accessible nowadays. Academic writing is the simplest thing to delegate. Only the best essays writing service groups can hit each of their deadlines. Writing essays is something we're proficient in and we would like to share our abilities and knowledge with each student in need. Utilizing a writing service is the perfect approach to have a well-written essay to use as a guideline to guarantee the essays you write are hitting all the vital points and are at the appropriate depth needed for your academic grade. EssayBox writing service gives an opportunity for contacting your author straight from the website to be able to clarify necessary details of a purchase. Any customized paper writing service has to fulfill these fundamental standards until they earn an area in our top-quality list. On-time shipping guarantee You will get your research paper even before you're the essential moment. Our writing system is the very best location where you should purchase custom research papers. Top 10 Best Essa y Writing Topics Secrets The prices of our very best essay writing service aren't the highest and not the lowest on the marketplace. Read my essay writing service reviews and my guide to selecting the ideal service for everything you will need to understand about how to pick the best writing businesses. The best writers are not ready to work for clients without feedback, since they're not sure they will find the payment. Always make sure that you have a look at the review my essay section of any writing service website you're thinking about using. What Top 10 Best Essay Writing Topics Is - and What it Is Not It's important to research into any customized essay writing services before you even look at placing an order with them, which explains why we review writing services in the very first spot. It's extremely important to read carefully essay services reviews, because you wish to prevent low superior services. Essay box is pleased with its highly professional customer care team. Trained writers aren't only trained in writing, but additionally in adhering to the site's guidelines as soon as it comes to supplying services to clients. Students who want custom services ought to be keen with internet services simply since there are some writing sites that are not genuine with services they offer to students. Whatever They Told You About Top 10 Best Essay Writing Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why When you're trusting a writing service by means of your dissertation grade, you're also trusting they are really talented. As there's a choice to find the best essays online, students from all over the globe benefit from it. If you're a student who desperately wants an expert paper writing service, we promise to assist you in your endeavors. Many students return time and again since they realize our essay services cannot be bettered anywhere else. Top 10 Best Essay Writing Topics Ideas You have the advantage of time. The questions from decision making proved quite tough and complex to address. There are a fantastic number of essay writing companies springing up to cater for the requirements of students, all claiming to supply a wonderful service at unbeatable rates. Selecting a writing service might seem simple, but it's everything but as there are a lot of things to take into account. Whispered Top 10 Best Essay Writing Topics Secrets Needless to say that a few folks are prepared to do anything rather than writing an academical paper. When searching for somebody to compose your essay, having someone who's an expert work on it's critical. As a student, you're below a lot of stress. Not the ideal reason, really.

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Employee Satisfaction in Efu Life Insurance free essay sample

This report is based on the analysis of employee satisfaction of â€Å"EFU General Insurance Limited†. It is our fortune to have personnel of â€Å"EFU General Insurance Limited† whose corporation and guidance contributed tremendously to complete this project. It is our pleasure to have the most valued and respected facilitator Mr. Motiur Rehman. The substance that we have gained during the semester and by assignments from him was an introduction for us in the field of Organizational Behavior, we certainly believe in its function which would be benefited through out our career in an organized manner. Further more we will like to take this opportunity to thank all the employees at EFU General Insurance Limited for their help and support with they have extended to us during our survey and interviews. Letter of Authorization Dated: 22nd April 2007 It is our honor to prepare a report on Employee Satisfaction Report of â€Å"EFU General Insurance Limited†, which was assigned to us by our respected teacher Mr. Motiur Rehman. It was a pleasure creating this report; here we would like to take the opportunity to thank our course instructor Mr. Motiur Rehman for all his support and guidance for our Organizational Behavior course. Rana Faisal Khurram Adil Sattar Tariq Gul-e-Anwer Nisar Abbas Malik Urooj Mughal Executive Summary The report is prepared on M/s. EFU General Insurance Company Limited. The firm was incorporated in Pakistan as a public limited company and its shares are quoted on all the Stock Exchanges of Pakistan. EFU is a huge company with almost 1000 employees working in more than 60 branches all over Pakistan and enjoys good reputation in the market. In 2007, the company is celebrating its Platinum Jubilee making the 75th year of its existence and become 12. 2 Billion company. The contents of this report indicates the Employee Satisfaction as an integral part of Organization Culture that refers to a system of share meaning held by members so as to distinguish the organization from other organization. A comprehensive questionnaire consisting of 30 questions were compiled and approved. All consisted of close-ended questions with four choices. Besides questionnaires, two following personal interviews were also conducted: ? Syed Shahid Hussain – Vice President Personnel Admin ? Mr. Syed Anwer Hasnain – Assistant Vice President Motors Limitations ? Since the time is a key factor in today’s world, therefore getting the questioners filled and interviews by taking shorter time of EFU personnel. ? Generally key persons are not willing share any negative aspect of their organization in front of management so 100% accuracy of data is not assured. Research Findings We found EFU an employer well liked and valued by its employees. Career Growth, Learning, Family Atmosphere, Freedom for new ideas and Decision Making are integrands in high satisfaction level among the employees. Company Profile Chairman Rafique R. Bhimjee Managing Director Chief Executive Saifuddin N. Zoomkawala Directors Sultan Ahmad Abdul Rehman Haji Habib Jahangir Siddiqui Wolfram W. Karnowski Muneer R. Bhimjee Hasanali Abdullah Taher G. Sachak Corporate Secretary Hasan Ali Abdullah Legal Advisor Mohammad Ali Sayeed Senior Advisor S. C. (Hamid) Subjallyu, A. C. I. I. Advisor Akhtar K. Alavi, A. C. I. I. Naqi Zamin Ali Audit Committee Muneer R. Bhimjee Taher G. Sachak Abdul Rehman Haji Habib Rating Agency Insurer Financial Stength Rating:AA Auditors Gardezi Co. Chartered Accountants – Karachi Website www. efuinsurance. com Registered Office 11/4, Shahrah-e-Pehlavi, Peshawar Main Offices EFU House M. A. Jinnah Road, Karachi Co-operative Insurance Building 23 Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Lahore Company Background In the early 30s of the 20th century, under the inspiration of the Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, there began to appear signs of economic renaissance of the Muslims of India. Shipping, Airline, Banking and Insurance companies made their debut. In 1932, Mr. Ghulam Mohammad, a farsighted man, established Eastern Federal Union Insurance Company (EFU) with financial assistance from the Aga Khan III and the Nawab of Bhopal. Mr. Abdur Rehman Siddiqui became the founder chairman. The firm was originally registered at Calcutta and operated in India (undivided) and Burma. In 1947, on the birth of Pakistan, EFU found a new home in a new country. In Pakistan, EFU rapidly established itself as a progressive and innovative insurer. It gave the emerging insurance industry the leadership, the manpower and the drive needed to grow in a situation where at one time, three-fourths of insurance was held by foreign companies. By 1961, EFU had become the flag bearer of Pakistans insurance industry on the world stage and the largest life company in Afro-Asian countries (excluding Japan) under the leadership of Mr. Roshen Ali Bhimjee. It remained so until 1972 when Life Assurance business in Pakistan was nationalized. Thereafter EFU operated solely as a General Insurance Company, and was subsequently renamed EFU General Insurance Limited. Now EFU General is the second largest non-life insurance company in the country and the mother company of other insurance organizations of EFU Insurance Group. In June 1990 the Government of Pakistan decided to allow Life Assurance business in private sector also. On 18 November 1992, EFU Life was granted a license to carry on life assurance business. It started operations immediately with Group Life products and in March 1994 launched its Individual Life products. EFU entered the field of life assurance with the focus on the changing needs of the population. The company is committed to provide its policyholders with solutions to the problems of todays complex and rapidly changing financial environment by introducing innovative and modern products. In March 2000, Allianz Aktiengesellschaft (Allianz AG), a global leader in the insurance industry with an active presence in 70 markets across 5 continents and EFU Group signed a joint venture to form a new company for providing health insurance cover to the people of Pakistan. Allianz EFU Health. Insurance Limited, approved by the Government of Pakistan, is the first specialized health insurance provider in the country and aims to play a pivotal role in developing the health insurance market in Pakistan. Traditionally the EFU name has become synonymous with progressiveness and prompts claim settlement and now the EFU being the largest insurance group provides a full range of general, life and health insurance services. Corporate Profile EFU is one of the few Pakistani organizations run totally by professional management and highly motivated field force. Another unique feature of EFU is a voluntary review mechanism by professionals of international repute. The independent reviews by these professionals enable the company to keep abreast of international changes in the industry as well as ensure that management adopts the best international practices. EFU gave the emerging insurance industry the leadership, the manpower and the drive needed to grow in a situation where at one time, foreign companies held three-fourths of insurance. The Principal place of business is located at EFU House, M. A. Jinnah Road, Karachi, Pakistan with over 60 branches throughout the country. Another pillar of EFUs strength is its very close and long-term (over 50 years) relationship with its main reinsurer, ‘Munich Re’, one of the largest reinsurance companies in the world. EFU Group of Companies EFU GROUP – PAKISTAN’S LARGEST INSURER |   | |[pic] |EFU General Insurance Limited |   | | | | | | |   |   | |   | | | |[pic] |EFU Life Assurance Limited |   | | |ISO 9001 Certified | | |Pakistan’s largest private sector life assurance company | | |   |   |   | |[pic] |Allianz EFU Health Insurance Limited |   | | |Pioneer and Leader | | | |Pakistan’s only specialized health insurer | | Vision Statement Our vision is to be the first choice company for our customer, shareholders and employees. To achieve this we will be driven by an obsession to be better than the best in a continuous journey, not a destination. At EFU first choice means a sustained commitment to meet and exceed stakeholder expectations. A will to go the â€Å"Extra Mile† to delight our customers with products and services that exceed their expectations Mission Statement We will manage our affairs through modern technology, collective wisdom and institutionalized leadership. We will be a respected, cultured and an educated company with a strong market position. Together with our customers, reinsures and employees we will achieve world class quality standards through continuous quality improvement. Achieve zero defects in everything we do. We will do good business, with good clients and of the highest integrity. We will not compromise our principles and we will like to be known as a responsible corporate citizen aware of our obligation to the Government and the society we serve.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Efficiency of Hybrid Cars Essay Example For Students

The Efficiency of Hybrid Cars Essay Transportation is a large concern in todays modern world. Most individuals have opted to buy vehicles for their personal use. Most of these vehicles consume gasoline and a smaller proportion is hybrid based. These two types of vehicles have many similarities. The two such vehicles require an energy source and both types of vehicles provide an important function to society. That function is to provide people with a reliable form of transportation. Although these two types of vehicles have many similarities, their differences are what distinguish them. Hybrid vehicles are more cost effective, environmentally sound, and safe than the standard gasoline vehicles in the long run. We will write a custom essay on The Efficiency of Hybrid Cars specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Cost is a key factor to consumers in determining what vehicle to purchase. On average hybrid vehicles cost fifteen hundred dollars more than the standard gasoline vehicle. However, this extra expense is well invested. A hybrid vehicle can reach sixty-one miles per gallon, whereas a typical gasoline vehicle can only reach twenty-eight miles per gallon. Currently gas costs two dollars and ten cents per gallon. The average individual can be expected to drive fifteen miles per year. This amounts to a total gas expense of eleven hundred dollars. If one were to own a hybrid vehicle this expense would eventually pay for the extra fifteen hundred dollars that was required to buy a hybrid car. In two years one would expect to have saved over seven hundred dollars and in three years more than nineteen hundred dollars. With such an incredible long term saving potential, the hybrid car is surely an economically sound choice. In addition, another economical factor that hybrid cars have is a technological mechanism known as regenerative braking. When a hybrid car brakes; the motion of the wheels against the braking mechanism creates heat in the form of kinetic and thermal energy. This kinetic and thermal energy is turned into electricity. This electricity then travels back to the battery source where it is stored until it is needed, or used. In contrast, conventional vehicles use a different braking mechanism. When a standard gasoline car brakes the wheels are merely dragged to stop turning freely. This friction effect causes the same form of heat found in hybrid cars; however this heat is dispelled into the atmosphere instead of being turned into useable energy. The more an individual uses a hybrid car, the more useable energy is produced for the car to use. Furthermore, the hybrid vehicle is an environmentally life saving decision. Most hybrid cars have been classified as Super Ultra Low-Emission Vehicle s (SULEV) or Ultra Low-Emission Vehicles (ULEV). This means they are fifty to ninety percent cleaner than most gasoline vehicles, and this includes models that have come out on the market today. Conversely, gasoline vehicles consume forty percent of the oil in the United States each day. This consumption is the single cause of twenty percent of the carbon pollution that is causing global warming. Not only are hybrid cars cleaner for the environment but they are also the most fuel efficient. As noted before hybrid vehicles can reach a fuel efficiency of sixty-one miles per gallon. That beats any gasoline vehicle hands down. Safety is also an important issue in buying a vehicle. Although hybrid vehicles are rated as having the same safety standards as gasoline cars, there is one key advantage hybrid cars have that gasoline cars do not. That advantage is a back up power source. In a standard gasoline powered car, gasoline is the drivers only source of energy. Hybrid cars by their very name have two. The advantage of driving a hybrid car is the ability to get safely off the road, even when the electrical generator fails or there is a lack of fuel. If a driver is ever caught in a situation where the gas gauge reads empty, the battery power alone is enough to finish the trip. A feature such as that will give any driver, peace of mind. .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 , .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 .postImageUrl , .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 , .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78:hover , .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78:visited , .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78:active { border:0!important; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78:active , .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78 .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua4701d08e0f286cff65e0c4837f6db78:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What Are Anabolic Steroids EssayA dependable form of transportation is often hard to find. Yet, when a technological advancement comes along such as the hybrid car; society is slow to acknowledge it. If an individual were to choose a vehicle, the hybrid one is surely the better choice.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Toyota individual essay Essays

Toyota individual essay Essays Toyota individual essay Essay Toyota individual essay Essay If you sign the declaration below and it is found that the work submitted is not your own work, the University may impose penalties. Declaration: I declare that this assignment is my individual work, have not copied from any other students work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by another person. If this assignment is submitted after the due date, I understand that it will incur a penalty for lateness unless I have previously had an extension of time proved and have attached the written confirmation of this extension. Signature of Student GHz,Wang Date 201 3/119 DUE DATE RECEIVED DATE Individual essay Introduction: The global automobile industry had reached 1,640 billion dollars in 201 0, and the market value is forecasted to increase 49. 3% since 2010 to 2,449. 2 billion dollars in 201 5 (Marketing, 2011 Toyota, which takes up 6. 8% of global industry value, has just experienced its recall crisis from September 29th 2009 to January 27th 2010. More than 9 million cars and trucks around the world in the whole world were recalled by Toyota (Chris, P. Roger, W. , G. , 2010). Toyota was immersed in trough because of these faults and bad luck, and the public image is also seriously damaged. At present, Toyota is been returning on track gradually, and according to the report from Toyota Motor Sales, SACS, Inc. , its sales increased 17. 2% to 161 ,695 units in November 2012 because Toyota only sold 137,960 units in November of 2011 (Marketing 2012). These bad luck and breakdowns are very serious to any company which would encounter, so Toyota expressed its professional skills and abilities to handle these crises which are advanced in the automobile industry. New CEO of Toyota, Kaki Toyota, brought some improvements to companys operations and supply chain strategy. This critique will focus on three aspects of these changes, namely quality management, new product development and cost reduction, respectively, and in addition, some academic theories will be applied to explain these strategies Discussion: Quality management: The core competitive advantage of Toyota in the past was the high quality, and the main cause of the recall crisis was also quality problem. Nearly all firms pay much effort to quality improvement to achieve goals like cost deduction, higher customer satisfaction, more loyalty from customer, and better performance from financial and market aspects (Versa, R, Borer, K. K. , 2010). In general, costs of company are from internal failure costs, external failure costs, assurance costs and prevention costs. Quality control system reduces some costs such as internal costs but the accompanying results are higher assurance costs and prevention costs. In the wrong cost reduction program taken by Toyota, the less spend in assurance costs and prevention cost made Toyota move quality from the first principle replaced by outputs, aid by Kaki Toyota. Total quality management (TTS), six sigma and many other quality improvement approaches are depended on customer feedback (Paned, p. S. , Caving, R. R. , Neumann, R. P. , 2000), and the system taken by Toyota which called Toyota production system has the same characteristic. Another approach for quality improvement comes from employee feedback, In Toyota, quality circle (ICQ) and the concept of Kamikaze are required (Deeming,W. , 1970), and however, these essential operation elements have risk of gradually missing in the rapid expansion. In order to save the deteriorating profits brought by trade conflicts and the revaluation of yen, Toyota increased its overseas productions steadily. In the period between 2000 and 2009, overseas production of Toyota increased by more than 10 percent annually, higher than the increase of Honda and Ionians (Gang, 2010). As a result, it is difficult to implement tacit knowledge in abroad production bases to ensure quality control and efficiency in manufacturing. According to annual report in 201 0, CEO of Toyota, Kaki Toyota put forward some improvements in operation and supply chain strategy to improve laity management.. 1. Toyota establishes new quality assurance system in order to ensure security and safety based on the perspectives of customers. 2. Set up a Special Committee General Overview of Quality Issues for global quality (Figure 1 3. Some specific measures to improve quality and safety, which include three aspects: A) Strengthen the monitoring functions including better information gathering function, more technical offices, assisting root cause analysis by using Remote Communications Functions (RCA) and onboard event data recorders (DARED), better information analysis ND better safety decision-making process. B) Enhancing information disclosure to regain trust from customers C) Establishing five Customer First Training Center to develop Toasts human resource and maintain quality. New product development: New product development is also the soul of Toasts value network so Kaki Toyota enhanced and improved this process. New products may fail in the fierce competition, and this has been proved in many industries. However, the mass benefits brought by new products can always push enterprises to take this process, either the Toyota. Firstly, these new products are always the resources of competitive advantage, and if enterprises take the leading role in the emerging product categories the effects will be more obvious. In the automobile industry, new energy cars are the new development direction, and according to the report from Lei and Line (2011), Toyota will develop 10 kinds of cars in this field. Secondly, firms which develop new products will enhance their corporate image and Brand name. Further, Toyota wants to satisfy the needs from customers worldwide when provide clean and safe products, so Toyota put tremendous efforts to RD activities which are regarded to improve the quality of people (Toyota, 2012). With the help from outsides experts, Toyota regularly reviewed research issues like energy, information technology, materials to achieve the goal of efficient cost control (Toyota, 2010). Cost Reduction: The third aspect is the cost reduction which needs enterprises implement changes on both operation and logistic structure. Since the revaluation of the yen, adding the price rise of raw materials and human resource in Japan especially after the big earthquake in 2011. The cost of production in Japan as jumped dramatically, so Toyota pays more efforts to localization production to implement cost reduction (including maintain RD process quality with less expense) which can be analyzed from the annual reports from 2009 to 2012 (Figure 2). Conclusion: In Summary, by applying some strong improvements in quality management, Toyota recovers its quality crisis quickly and restores confidence from customer about automobile quality which was the core competitive advantage of Toyota. New products development helps Toyota improve its competitive ability and enhance its corporate image and brand name.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Bernard Montgomery, World War II Field Marshal

Bernard Montgomery, World War II Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery (November 17, 1887–March 24, 1976) was a British soldier who rose through the ranks to become one of the most important military leaders of World War II. Known to be difficult to work with, Monty was nevertheless exceptionally popular with the British public. He was rewarded for his service with promotions to Field Marshal, Bridgadier General, and Viscount. Fast Facts: Bernard Montgomery Known For: Top military commander during World War IIAlso Known As: MontyBorn: November 17, 1887 in London, England Parents: The Reverend Henry Montgomery, Maud MontgomeryDied: March 24, 1976 in Hampshire, EnglandEducation: St. Paul’s School, London, and the Royal Military Academy (Sandhurst)Awards and Honors: Distinguished Service Order (after being wounded in WWI); after WWII, he received the Knight of the Garter and was created 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein in 1946Spouse: Elizabeth CarverChildren: John and Dick (stepsons) and DavidNotable Quote: Every soldier must know, before he goes into battle, how the little battle he is to fight fits into the larger picture, and how the success of his fighting will influence the battle as a whole. Early Life Born in Kennington, London in 1887, Bernard Montgomery was the son of Reverend Henry Montgomery and his wife Maud, and the grandson of noted colonial administrator Sir Robert Montgomery. One of nine children, Montgomery spent his early years at the familys ancestral home of New Park in Northern Ireland before his father was made Bishop of Tasmania in 1889. While living in the remote colony, he endured a harsh childhood that included beatings by his mother. Largely educated by tutors, Montgomery seldom saw his father, who frequently traveled due to his post. The family returned to Britain in 1901 when Henry Montgomery became secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. Back in London, the younger Montgomery attended St. Pauls School before entering the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst. While at the academy, he struggled with discipline issues and was nearly expelled for rowdiness. Graduating in 1908, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant and assigned to the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment. World War I Sent to India, Montgomery was promoted to lieutenant in 1910. Back in Britain, he received an appointment as battalion adjutant at the Shorncliffe Army Camp in Kent. With the outbreak of World War I, Montgomery deployed to France with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). Assigned to Lieutenant General Thomas Snows 4th Division, his regiment took part in the fighting at Le Cateau on August 26, 1914. Continuing to see action during the retreat from Mons, Montgomery was badly wounded during a counterattack near Mà ©teren on October 13, 1914. He was hit through the right lung by a sniper before another round struck him in the knee. Awarded the Distinguished Service Order, he was appointed as a brigade major in the 112th and 104th Brigades. Returning to France in early 1916, Montgomery served as a  staff officer with the 33rd Division during the Battle of Arras. The following year, he took part in the Battle of Passchendaele as a staff officer with IX Corps. During this time he became known as a meticulous planner who worked tirelessly to integrate the operations of the infantry, engineers, and artillery. As the war concluded in November 1918, Montgomery held the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel and was serving as chief of staff for the 47th Division. Interwar Years After commanding the 17th  (Service) Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers in the British Army of the Rhine during the occupation, Montgomery reverted to the rank of captain in November 1919. Seeking to attend the Staff College, he persuaded Field Marshal Sir William Robertson to approve his admission. Completing the course, he was again made a brigade major and assigned to the 17th Infantry Brigade in January 1921. Stationed in Ireland, he took part in counter-insurgency operations during the Irish War of Independence and advocated taking a hard line with the rebels. In 1927, Montgomery married Elizabeth Carver and the couple had a son, David, the following year. Moving through a variety of peacetime postings, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1931 and rejoined the Royal Warwickshire Regiment for service in the Middle East and India. Returning home in 1937, he was given command of the 9th Infantry Brigade with the temporary rank of brigadier. A short time later, tragedy struck when Elizabeth died from septicemia following an amputation caused by an infected insect bite. Grief-stricken, Montgomery coped by withdrawing into his work. A year later, he organized a massive amphibious training exercise that was praised by his superiors, which led to his promotion to major general. Given command of the 8th Infantry Division in Palestine, he put down an Arab revolt in 1939 before being transferred to Britain to lead the 3rd Infantry Division. With the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, his division was deployed to France as part of the BEF. Fearing a disaster similar to 1914, he relentlessly trained his men in defensive maneuvers and fighting. In France Serving in General Alan Brookes II Corps, Montgomery earned his superiors praise. With the German invasion of the Low Countries, the 3rd Division performed well and, following the collapse of the Allied position, was evacuated through Dunkirk. During the final days of the campaign, Montgomery led II Corps as Brooke had been recalled to London. Arriving back in Britain, Montgomery became an outspoken critic of the BEFs high command and began a feud with the commander of Southern Command, Lieutenant General Sir Claude Auchinleck. Over the next year, he held several posts responsible for the defense of southeastern Britain. North Africa In August 1942, Montgomery, now a lieutenant general, was appointed to command the Eighth Army in Egypt following the death of Lieutenant-General William Gott. Serving under General Sir Harold Alexander, Montgomery took command on August 13 and began a rapid reorganization of his forces and worked to reinforce the defenses at El Alamein. Making numerous visits to the front lines, he diligently endeavored to raise morale. In addition, he sought to unite land, naval, and air units into an effective combined arms team. Anticipating that Field Marshal Erwin Rommel would attempt to turn his left flank, he strengthened this area and defeated the noted German commander at the Battle of Alam Halfa in early September. Under pressure to mount an offensive, Montgomery began extensive planning for striking at Rommel. Opening the Second Battle of El Alamein in late October, Montgomery shattered Rommels lines and sent him reeling east. Knighted and promoted to general for the victory, he maintained pressure on Axis forces and turned them out of successive defensive positions, including the Mareth Line in March 1943. Sicily and Italy With the defeat of Axis forces in North Africa, planning began for the Allied invasion of Sicily. Landing in July 1943 in conjunction with Lieutenant General George S. Pattons U.S. Seventh Army, Montgomerys Eighth Army came ashore near Syracuse. While the campaign was a success, Montgomerys boastful style ignited a rivalry with his flamboyant American counterpart. On September 3, the Eighth Army opened the campaign in Italy by landing in Calabria. Joined by Lieutenant General Mark Clarks U.S. Fifth Army, which landed at Salerno, Montgomery began a slow, grinding advance up the Italian peninsula. D-Day On December 23, 1943, Montgomery was ordered to Britain to take command of the 21st Army Group, which comprised all of the ground forces assigned to the invasion of Normandy. Playing a key role in the planning process for D-Day, he oversaw the Battle of Normandy after Allied forces began landing on June 6. During this period, he was criticized by Patton and General Omar Bradley for his initial inability to capture the city of Caen. Once taken, the city was used as the pivot point for the Allied breakout and crushing of German forces in the Falaise pocket. Push to Germany As most of the Allied troops in Western Europe rapidly became American, political forces prevented Montgomery from remaining Ground Forces Commander. This title was assumed by the Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight Eisenhower, while Montgomery was permitted to retain the 21st Army Group. In compensation, Prime Minister Winston Churchill had Montgomery promoted to field marshal. In the weeks following Normandy, Montgomery succeeded in convincing Eisenhower to approve Operation Market-Garden, which called for a direct thrust toward the Rhine and Ruhr Valley utilizing large numbers of airborne troops. Uncharacteristically daring for Montgomery, the operation was also poorly planned, with key intelligence about the enemys strength overlooked. As a result, the operation was only partially successful and resulted in the destruction of the 1st British Airborne Division. In the wake of this effort, Montgomery was directed to clear the Scheldt so that the port of Antwerp could be opened to Allied shipping. On December 16, the Germans opened the Battle of the Bulge with a massive offensive. With German troops breaking through the American lines, Montgomery was ordered to take command of U.S. forces north of the penetration to stabilize the situation. He was effective in this role and was ordered to counterattack in conjunction with Pattons Third Army on January 1, with the goal of encircling the Germans. Not believing his men were ready, he delayed two days, which allowed many of the Germans to escape. Pressing on to the Rhine, his men crossed the river in March and helped encircle German forces in the Ruhr. Driving across northern Germany, Montgomery occupied Hamburg and Rostock before accepting a German surrender on May 4. Death After the war, Montgomery was made commander of the British occupation forces and served on the Allied Control Council. In 1946, he was elevated to Viscount Montgomery of Alamein for his accomplishments. Serving as Chief of the Imperial General Staff from 1946 to 1948, he struggled with the political aspects of the post. Beginning in 1951, he served as deputy commander of NATOs European forces and remained in that position until his retirement in 1958. Increasingly known for his outspoken views on a variety of topics, his postwar memoirs were severely critical of his contemporaries. Montgomery died on March 24, 1976, and was buried at Binsted.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

How Different Leadership Styles Affect Workspace Performance Essay

How Different Leadership Styles Affect Workspace Performance - Essay Example It is quite difficult for one person to manage a large group without having to deal with the factors mentioned above. However, the path-goal theory sets a fair basis for ensuring that every member of the group gets a chance at performing to the best of their ability and receiving the rewards for it. Also, the environment in which the nurses work is very task-based and has a formal authority system that suits the path-goal style. The leader can lead by directing, supporting, setting goals or promoting participation amongst the members of the team, depending on the subordinates' needs. In turn, the subordinates gain experience and satisfaction in their work. This leadership style is commanding uses force. Cook would be giving orders to the subordinates and expecting them to follow these orders closely and act upon them immediately. The tone that Cook would use is upper-handed and she could be heard demanding "to do what I tell you to do". Cook would monitor the subordinates work performance very closely. In her opinion, the subordinates do not make informed decisions. The conversations and interactions are cold, brief and mostly work-related. This style instills fear in the subordinates and Cook would motivate them through threatening ways. Authoritative Leadership Style Although this style may seem very negative, it has a positive approach because the style allows the subordinates to explore and discover ways to achieve the goals. It motivates the employees. Cook would lead by good examples and she could be heard confidently saying, "come with me". In her opinion, the subordinates are individuals with a passion to achieve goals. The conversations and interactions are encouraging and motivating. Cook would motivate the employees by encouraging them to perform better. Affiliative Leadership Style Cook would encourage the team by having team-building efforts to create harmony. In Cooks opinion, "people come first". However, if used excessively, Cook could turn a blind eye to the mistakes that the subordinates make. The communications and interactions are friendly and go beyond work issues. In a way, the subordinates are motivated through the harmony and sense of belonging that the leadership style creates.  

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Persuasive synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Persuasive synthesis - Essay Example They are treated as interesting subjects for study and they are not considered human beings anymore, but rather subjects for research. According to the guidelines set by Papadimos and his colleagues, patient care in the movie, â€Å"Wit† (2001), was partially effectively given because Dr. Kelekian discussed the treatment with the patient and was frank with her about the possible results of the extremely aggressive treatment that was presented. However, the doctors did not discuss with the patient her end-of-life plan. Although with Vivian Bearing’s wit, she was able to read between the lines and understand that the treatment was not working because the cancer cells were just spreading in other parts of the patient’s body, the doctors did not directly discuss things with her. Moreover, it took the courage of a nurse to consult with the patient about the issue of the patient’s dying for her to think about what she would choose the doctors to do in case her h eart stops. Since Dr. Kelekian and his partner were very interested in studying the patient’s case, one cannot help but question their interest in not discussing the patient’s end-of-life plan. Moreover, the doctors failed to recognize dying symptoms such as extreme agony. In one of the doctor’s visit to the patient’s room who was obviously in torment, the physician asked Ms. Bearing if she was in pain and the patient found it ridiculous. Nevertheless, the nurse observed such flaws of the doctors and did her best to provide the patient with the care that she deserved as a human being. Byrne claims that metaphors are also used not only in literature but also in understanding what patients go through. Since not all people go through the same circumstances, not everyone would be able to understand what patients would be going through. However, with the use of metaphors, one could perhaps have a glimpse of the agonies of sicknesses and therefore understand wh at the patient longs for. Henceforth, the caregiver could effectively provide the necessary care and understanding to the patient. On the other hand, metaphor can also be used by doctors to explain the jargons of the medical world to the patient. In the aforementioned movie, Dr. Jason easily used metaphors to explain Ms. Bearing’s health conditions to her and being a literary scholar, the patient was quick to understand the explanation. As a result, there was a point wherein the doctor and the patient had an intellectual sharing about their own professions which gave Bearing new perspectives. Pope Benedict in his speech in 2007 stressed that more palliative care centers are needed to â€Å"provide integral care, offering the sick the human assistance and spiritual accompaniment they need†. Indeed, hospitals should not be just a place where patients are admitted and studied like animals. Rather, they should be treated with all their dignity intact despite the possibilit ies of recovering or dying. In the movie, doctors were careless about the rights of the patient to be treated well because she was not give the care and spiritual assistance a human being needs. This made the patient look back to the times when she was strong and full of health. Like the doctors, she lacked sensitivity to human needs. She was disciplined in her manners and demanded the same from her students. She regretted how she treated other people and wished she would have been a little kinder to them. Eventually, this helped

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Casey Anthony Essay Example for Free

Casey Anthony Essay Courtroom trials are very interesting to me and I really enjoyed clerking for judges and being able to watch everything from beginning to end. The case I have chosen is a jury trial and that jury ends up being seven women and five men. The criminal laws that were violated were many starting with Child Neglect, making false official statements and obstructing an investigation. Forging checks, fraudulent use of identification and petty theft, first degree murder, aggravated child abuse aggravated manslaughter and four counts of lying to law enforcement. Heading the prosecution was the District Attorney of Orange County Florida with several of the Assistant District Attorney’s. The defense has Jose Baez and what they were calling a ‘team’ of defense counsel, which actually ended up only being 3. Judge Belvin Perry was on the bench and all of the witnesses that were on both the states list of witnesses to call but the defense as well. The outcome of this trial rocked the nation as the verdict was read live which were Not Guilty of Aggravated Murder, Aggravated Child Abuse and Aggravated Manslaughter. The defendant was found guilty on 4 counts of the forgery of checks and was credited for time served, then released from jail. Casey Anthony made national news for several days and remained the top story. She had been charged and arrested with murdering her two year old daughter, Caylee Anthony. Casey denied ever knowing anything to the police of her whereabouts and told law enforcement that her nanny had taken Caylee by force and she had been looking for her in different avenues, to supposedly protect the child. Also stating she should have contacted police sooner than 31 days prior, but she was in fear for her daughter’s life was the story she stuck to. After being jailed and held without bond pictures of the young mother were posted all over My Space portraying Casey Anthony as nothing but a party girl. It wasnt until the actual trial started and the story took a huge flip and George Anthony who is Caseys father and grandfather of little Caylee, was being accused of sexually molesting his daughter since she was 8 years old and covering up the truth about the whereabouts of the two year old. Since Casey had been a child, she had been taught to cover up and lie about certain situations if it was going to cause embarrassment to the family. It was George who had found the lifeless body of Caylee Anthony, lying face down in their pool and the cover-up began. George Anthony did not want it to get out that the family was irresponsible and left the ladder out to get into the pool. Which the story reads, little Caylee climbed up that ladder and got in the pool herself, due to no supervision and drowned. Skeletal remains of a small child were found 3 months later within a mile of the Anthony home. The body had been discarded like a piece of trash, and her remains had been duct taped in a black garbage bag and tossed into the woods. It became media frenzy and, Orlando, Florida became the busiest it had ever been since the child had gone missing. It was in fact the remains of Caylee Anthony and to this day, the young mother sticks to her story and accuses her own father of covering the death of her child up and forced Casey to go along with it. She had been taught to obey her father and did not want to go against his strictness and allowed George Anthony to dispose of the body. The trial that began on May 24, 2011 went to the jury on July 3rd 2011. Deliberations were suspended over the 4th of July holiday and resumed July 5th. During its deliberations, the jurors did not ask to review any of the 400 exhibits, request any clarifications of the law or ask for any of the trial testimony to be read back. After deliberating for 10 hours and 40 minutes, the foreperson informed the court that the jury had reached a unanimous verdict that afternoon. More often than not when a jury returns a verdict that quickly and without asking for any type of assistance from the court, it bodes ill for the defendant. This jury, however, was about to prove the old maxim that juries are unpredictable despite what all the talking heads predicted it would conclude. The jury found her not guilty of murder, aggravated child abuse and manslaughter. She was however, convicted of four counts of lying to police officers. Judge Perry sentenced Casey to one year in jail and $1,000. 00 in fines for each of the providing false information counts. She was released from jail on July 17, 2011due to time already served. While Casey had been acquitted in her daughter’s death, Casey’s problems were not at an end. The defamation suit of Zenaida Gonzalez who Casey accused of kidnapping her daughter (one of the false statements) is seeking both compensatory and punitive damages. Gonzalez states she lost her job as a result of Casey’s allegations which led to the loss of her apartment by eviction and she and her 6 children continue to be harassed and threatened. (Kumar) It has changed how society works today by taking more child missing stories more serious and not to the facts of the case, but the simple fact that the 12 person jury could not convict her due to lack of evidence. The State of Florida had not proved their case and she was walking free except with a few misdemeanor charges of lying to law enforcement. How could this have happened, with all the circumstantial evidence of her guilt was obvious, the jury stood by the law? The evidence did not prove that Casey had been involved at all without finding any DNA or any other minute evidence. At almost the end of the trial, Casey asked to be evaluated by Psychologist and Psychiatrist to see if she was mentally capable to continue with the trial. She was found competent and the trial continued til the end finding her not guilty. All of America disagreed with the verdict except the defendant and the defense counsel and still held her responsible for her daughters death. Society even went to the extreme as to calling the jury idiots I believe Casey Anthony led a not so great life, but was also a spoiled brat who always got her way. So with the news that she was walking free didnt surprise me, as I couldn’t see any physical evidence either. Sad but true, she is out living her life without her daughter and it does not seem to bother her a bit. Casey is in hiding though as of today and knows there are people out there who hate her. She has started to learn and recognize her lies and what they did to people, and has told friends she has a lot of regards. Other sources say she plans to receive psychological counseling. She is young and optimistic and realizes she can’t change the past but she can move forward.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

The Red Symbol in The Handmaids Tale Essay -- Literature, Margaret At

In the dystopian novel, "The Handmaid's Tale" written by Margaret Atwood, the color red is a reoccurring, significant symbol throughout the book. The dominant color of the novel, the color red is paired with the Handmaids. The Handmaids are always seen in their red uniform, even down to their red shoes and red gloves. From the opening pages of the novel we are informed that they are trained at the â€Å"Red Centre,† and we are introduced to the importance of the red imagery as Offred, the narrator and protagonist of the novel, describes herself getting dressed: â€Å"The red gloves are lying on the bed. Everything except the wings around my face is red.† Which reveals to us how the handmaid’s are required to wear all red, representative of the way they are visually defined, and therefore confined within their role in the caste system as sexual servants to their Commanders. Red is worn only by the handmaids; the color red indicates sexuality, fertility and childbirth, accordingly outlining their function as a sexual object; their sole purpose being to bear children for their Commanders. One of the most reoccurring symbols throughout the novel, red is interrelated with all things female (the Handmaids.) Inversely, red is furthermore a symbol of death, violence and blood, which Offred portrays as a color which â€Å"defines us.† The reoccurring appearance of the color red creates a thought-provoking parallel between femininity and power, as it signifies the religious â€Å"sinfulness† of promiscuous sex between the handmaid’s and their â€Å"married† commander. Offred later states: â€Å"I never looked good in red, it’s not my color,† implying the sacrifice of her individuality due to the roles Gilead has forced her into. It is not their intellige... ...ed tulips in place and keeping them alive, there are human beings under the white bags, but Offred is beginning to neglect what is under her red dress. Offred aches to reminisce about the life she once knew, yet now images are enforced into her mind and she understands them how her cult/society now requires her to perceive this different world. Red is a scandalous and dishonorable color, outlining the Handmaids as such. Everything correlated with the handmaids is red; Offred’s own name, for instance, which so distressingly epitomizes dualism can be read as "Of Fred," signifying her ownership to her commander-yet furthermore can be read as "Off Red,† suggesting off with the red dress, symbolizing her yearning for nonconformity from the red dress and all the afflictions correlated with red in her life- blood, death and violence, which have come to â€Å"define† her.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Deviant Behavior Emergence Essay

Deviancy has been defined as the actual shift from a standard-norm conforming behavior towards a direct behavior alteration that is not accepted by society or viewed as unacceptable by the minor cultures. People who engage in defying acts are seen as having low self-control. They engage in many conventional behaviors, but due to low self-control, they are predisposed to committing deviancy if opportunities arise. This explanation explains all types of deviant behavior (Hunter & Dantzker, 2005 p. 53). Deviant behaviors are deemed to arise out of environmental etiologies that stimulates the intrinsic character of an individual, which in the end, results to behavioral deviation. Such scenario is evident in specific events in life that most of the time due to adaptation and societal strain implicated in these deviating individuals (Holmes, Maahs & Vito, 2007 p. 67). Discussion Adaptation is one of man’s greatest capacity and need in order to survive the ever-changing structure of the society. Such change causes strains through events or environmental stressors that facilitate as an alarm for adaptation to begin, which, consequently, cause deviancies (Hunter & Dantzker, 2005 p. 153; Holmes, Maahs & Vito, 2007 p. 77). Such causation is better explained by the theoretical angles of strain theory, which connotes the contribution of societal strain and pressure. The socio-cultural domain of every individual recognizes the absolute need to adapt to strains in order to progress to success or conditions of fulfillment (Siegel & Senna, 2004 p. 14). Strain theory talks about the causation of crimes not directly because of strain but due to failure in tolerating these kinds of stimuli. They are both result of negative impregnation of environmental pressures that in the end leads the client vulnerable to breakdown (Holmes, Maahs & Vito, 2007 p. 67-68). The theory suggests that a person performs acts of deviancy not because of attachments or relationships but rather because of the pressuring strain. In criminological perspective, the crime rates, according to this theory, justify the increased criminal persona in places wherein financial depression or extreme difficulties are present (Siegel & Senna, 2004 p. 314). The last resort of the individuals is nothing but to commit crimes. In an example given, a person is ready to kill just to get the material possession that the person wants to acquire (Holmes, Maahs & Vito, 2007 p. 67). In all cases, the behavior emerges from a sequence of structural conduciveness, structural strain, generalized beliefs, precipitating factors, mobilization for action, and the breakdown of social control. Structural strain is loosely defined as ambiguities, deprivations, conflicts, and discrepancies in social structure. If in case strain does provoke collective behavior (e. g. panic, crazes and fads) in the context of other determinants, deviant behaviors result, which involves a short-circuiting of levels of social action that gives it a crude, excessive, eccentric, or impatient quality (Snow, Soule and Kriesi, 2004 p. 50). Structural strain theory traces the origins of deviance to the tensions caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means people have to achieve these goals. In society, culture establishes goals for people; social structures provide, or fail to provide, the means for people to achieve those goals. If the means to achieve goals are out of balance, deviant behavior is the result (Andersen and Taylor, 2006 p. 174) In the United States, most people place a high value on the culturally valued goal of economic success and social mobility. Americans tend to believe that anyone can achieve success-that is, they believe that all people, regardless of the circumstances into which they are born, can achieve affluence and stature (Ferrante and Wallace, p. 37). In the case wherein, a depressed community is surrounding a person, significantly full of drug addicts and negative and influencers, a person still strives to obtain moral life in spite of community pressures and sociological influence. Let us say that this person has been given a good working opportunity as well as good family relationships, the person might still withstand the implicating strain imposed by the negative environment and progress to success (Kendall, 2006 p. 213). The driving force utilized by the individual is the positive reinforcement obtained from the home environment and/or the natural desire of the individual to succeed. It is very much justified by the state of mind involved and utilized by the individual, which provides the driving force and enables adaptation to stress (Holmes, Maahs & Vito, 2007 p. 67; Kendall, 2006 p. 213). However, if the positive reinforcements break down and add up to strain, which consequently causes failure to succeed and adapt on the goals imposed, deviancy arise due to structural strain manifested in collective behaviors. Conclusion Every society presents every individual with varying stress, which involves internal and external stressors. Such conditions facilitate stress and act as the primary strain, which implicates the need for adaptation towards the implicating societal pressures. The study concludes that deviant behavioral patterns arise if such adaptive goals are not meant due to structural strain, which is evident among American society.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Port Aventura

————————————————- CONFIDENTIAL MEMORANDUM To:| Fernando Aldecoa| From:| | Date:| | Re:| Port aventura| ————————————————- ————————————————- Executive Summary Port Aventura was launched in 1995 and since that time has transformed from a theme park to an all-encompassing resort. Due to this change, management now requires the ability to identify and target individual customers, as opposed to statistical averages of broad groups. One-to-one communication will allow for customized marketing packages and the ability to maximize revenues.However, information management systems currently in place are not capable of tracking customers to the degree needed to supp ort a one-to-one marketing approach. Therefore, it is the recommendation of Nielsen consulting that Port Aventura implements a data warehouse to facilitate the required analytics to determine who their customer is. ————————————————- Problem Identification Port Aventura is poised with the problem of having insufficient information and data on their individual customers.Seeing as the customer base is comprised of vastly different groups, it is imperative that Port Aventura take the time to identify who their customers are and what their individual profiles look like in an attempt to not only better serve customer requests, but also maximize park profits. Accurate and detailed information such as favorite restaurants, spending patterns, hotel stays and park activity preferences will allow Port Aventura to market to individual customers wants and needs on a one-to-one basis. T he lack of customer information is due to inadequate information management processes and systems.Port Aventura does not currently have the infrastructure needed to properly collect and manage large amounts of customer data or the ability to strategically analyze that information. Multiple small information systems are collecting high level data, but these systems are not integrated nor do they provide the level of detail required for successful one-to-one customer marketing. ————————————————- Evaluative Criteria Collect Individual Customer Preferences The desired solution must be able to present a concise snapshot of individual customers preferences based on past behaviours.Examples of required information include: * Frequency, seasonality, and duration of a customer’s visit * Did the customer stay in one of the hotels, and if so which one and what type of room * I s the customer visiting for business or pleasure or a combination of the two * Which park activities did the customer partake in; golf, amusement rides, beach club, shows, water park, corporate events * How much does the customer spend and what are the funds being spent on * What is the social-economic attributes of the customer: age, gender, family members, annual income, geographical location This type of detailed information will allow Port Aventura to intimately know each of its customers and provide the opportunity to understand consumer value preferences. Searchable and Scalable for Data Mining The solution must be conducive to analytical queries and provide the ability to turn raw data not only into customer information, but customer knowledge. This knowledge will then translate into business intelligence which will provide the basis for data mining.Port Aventura needs the ability to extract the relevant information to identify opportunities, strategies, and predictive behavi ours on its customers. Additionally, historical data must be stored and easily accessible while maintaining data integrity. Ease of Implementation and Ease of Use The optimal solution must be one that can be implemented quickly and without considerable disruption to the work flow within Port Aventura. Employees must be educated on the data collection processes to ensure the information management system is usable and accurate. Therefore, training must be thorough, concise, and cost effective. System maintenance and sustainability must also be possible through the use of the Information Systems Department employees. CostTotal cost to implement, train employees, and maintain the infrastructure needs to be kept in mind when determining the optimal solution. ————————————————- Alternatives Data Warehouse A date warehouse would allow Port Aventura to leverage the information man agement processes currently in place and provide a precise means of tracking individual customers. * Collect Individual Customer Preferences – The implementation of a loyalty rewards program and unique customer ID will allow the existing management systems to feed the required information into the data warehouse. * Searchable and Scalable for Data Mining – A data warehouse will provide a central storage from which customizable reporting tools can be made. Ease of Implementation and Ease of Use – A data warehouse will require the hiring of a project manager and take approximately 3 months to implement. Training for end user staff in both data entry and reporting will be minimal as there is already familiarity with the existing systems. IT staff will be trained on the data warehouse in order to ensure ongoing support and maintenance. * Cost – Cost for the implementation of a data warehouse is estimated at $250,000. New Integrated Information System Port Ave ntura could retire all of the existing information management processes and implement a new fully integrated information system to tie all aspects of the business together and track individual customer behaviour. Collect Individual Customer Preferences – A new integrated system will be designed for optimal information gathering and tracking. * Searchable and Scalable for Data Mining – Custom reporting will enable identification and tracking of all individual customer behaviours. * Ease of Implementation and Ease of Use – A new integrated system will require the hiring of a project team to scope, tender, and organize the undertaking. Implementation will take approximately 1 year. Systems will be required to run in parallel for some time to ensure functionality of the new system. End user and IT staff will be required to undergo extensive training to familiarize themselves with the new system. Cost – Cost for a new integrated information system is estimated at $1,000,000. See Exhibit 1 for the Decision Matrix for the above two alternatives. ————————————————- Implementation The optimal solution for Port Aventura is the implementation and integration of a data warehouse. Seeing as the existing infrastructure can be modified to provide the required data tracking elements, a data warehouse will be the timeliest, most cost effective, and efficient means of implementing one-to-one marketing to customers. Action Plan In securing the data warehouse for Port Aventura the following action items are recommended: * Hire an independent project manager.The total duration of the project is mapped to last 3 months; therefore the total cost of the project manager will be approximately $25,000. Start date for the project manager is June 15, 2009. * The project manager will meet with the principal owners of the data warehouse project to gather requirements. * Fernando Aldecoa – Director of Finance * Robert Magi – Director of IS * Mercedes de Pablo – Managing Director of Port Aventura Additionally, the project manager will meet with end users of the existing management systems to understand processes and procedures as well as current functionality. * Users of the Prestige Hospitality Management Tool Users of the Presence system – contact center operators * Users of Store Flow system * Users of the Concept Golf System Interviews and requirements gathering is mapped to last 2 weeks. * Issue a RFP for a data warehouse vendor. The duration of the tender is mapped to require 1 month. Selection of the data warehouse vendor will be based on the above pre-determined criteria. Cost for the data warehouse is estimated at $250,000. * The Marketing Department will design a loyalty rewards program whereby unique customer ID’s will be created as a means of tracking individual customers behaviour. The project manager will be responsible for implementing the unique customer ID entity into the existing information management systems.The marketing department will be responsible for rolling out the loyalty rewards program in conjunction with the implementation of the data warehouse. Total cost for implementation and marketing of the loyalty rewards program is estimated at $100,000. * Implementation of the data warehouse is mapped to require 1. 5 months. During this time, IT staff will be trained on the functionality of the data warehouse and end users will be trained on the new data inputs as well as the data mining capabilities of the data warehouse. * The go-live date is mapped to be September 15, 2009. Ongoing support and maintenance will be provided by Port Aventura IT staff. Reporting functionalities are then to be used by the marketing department to implement one-to-one communication with customers. Summary The implementation of the data warehouse is expected to last 3 months a nd requires $375,000 in capital (including the implementation of the loyalty rewards program). Ongoing support and maintenance of the data warehouse is estimated at $25,000 per year. This cost is minimal compared to the expected revenue from one-to-one marketing to consumers. ————————————————- Exhibit 1: Decision Matrix | Weight| Data Warehouse| New Integrated System| | | Raw| Weighted| Raw| Weighted| Individual Customer Preference| 30%| 8| 2. 4| 9| 2. 7|Data Mining| 20%| 8| 1. 6| 8| 1. 6| Implementation and Use| 20%| 7| 1. 4| 1| 0. 2| Cost| 30%| 8| 2. 4| 2| 0. 6| Score| | | 7. 8| | 5. 1| Raw Data is out of 10 with a score of 10 being the best option ————————————————- Exhibit 2: Data Warehouse Data Warehouse Data Warehouse Extract Transform Load Extract Transform Load Extract Transform Load Extract Transform Load Sales Sales HR HR SAP R3 SAP R3 Purchasing Purchasing Finance Finance Fix Assets Fix Assets Presence Presence Website Fans Website Fans Survey Results Survey Results Storeflow Storeflow Clients Club Clients Club Concept Golf Concept Golf Galaxy Galaxy Prestige Prestige

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Benefits of Differentiated Curriculum in the Gifted Classroom

Benefits of Differentiated Curriculum in the Gifted Classroom Gifted education refers to the special measures, theories, and practices that are used to educate students who are brilliant in special ways. It is a way of educating students who are gifted in special talents.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Benefits of Differentiated Curriculum in the Gifted Classroom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To educate these students, differentiation is applied where the curriculum is modified to meet the special needs of a gifted student. The teacher modifies the content and the process of learning in order to get the product. This article shows the benefits of a differentiated curriculum in the classroom of gifted students. Differentiated curriculum has a lot of benefits to the student. It is student centered and it is the role of the instructor to determine the students’ interest, readiness, and learning profile. The instructions are individualized and this enables students to learn according to their abilities. This helps the students to perfect their talents. The instructors create individualized learning programs depending on the needs of students. They set the goals and objectives to be achieved during the class work. The instructors in a differentiated curriculum provide an opportunity for the students to be involved in the learning process. This is important for students to participate fully without being left behind. The differentiated curriculum gives the students a challenge to involve themselves in the new ways of learning. It helps the students to engage in classroom activities and thus they do not compete with each other. It also prevents underachievement for it gives many choices to process the information given where the students are involved in activities (Gardener Whittaker, 2006). The content is organized according to student’s interests and it motivates critical thinking. The content can be enriched depending on the students†™ rate of understanding. Affective curriculum is used to educate gifted students on ethics, emotions and social development. Gifted students can also be put in heterogeneous group to allow them mix with students with different talents. This encourages them to appreciate each other’s talent. They can also be grouped depending on their talent. This means students with the same talent grouped together. This allows them to receive all instructions during class time and they can learn from the students with the same talent in order to furnish their talent.Advertising Looking for article on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The barriers that can be encountered in teaching gifted students include; some students not being interested in other learning activities or they may not respond properly to differential curriculum. In such the individualization program is applied to educate students specifically on th eir talents (Sriraman Dahl, 2007). Enriching and accelerating the deferential curriculum depends on the rate of student to learn. In enriching, the student receives extra activities to challenge him. This includes extra assignments which do not replace the normal class assignments. It may include taking extra courses or extra curriculum activities. In acceleration, students are upgraded to the next level or they might skip some grades and finishing the normal curriculum in a shorter period. This assists in advancing a student in one field as it is a flexible way of education. Acceleration is beneficial academically and socially as a student finish schooling early and specializes in area best in. Grouping is putting students with the same talent in the same class. The teachers apply differentiation and this encourages acceleration and enrichment. The students are also exposed to critical thinking (Rogers Karen, 2002). Differentiated curriculum addresses individualized student needs and it is specialized depending on student experience and skills. Students are free to make choices on how they will engage themselves in classroom. The differentiated curriculum also provides opportunity for students to involve themselves in extra curriculum activities and this makes learning enjoyable. It also connects learning with everyday life and this makes learning meaningful. The students are able to interact with each other and they use their learning styles to access information and demonstrate what they have learnt. Differentiated curriculum provides students with multiple choices of learning and taking information depending on their understanding. It caters for all the students in a diverse classroom. No student is left behind for learning in individualized and based on experience. Differentiated curriculum allows the instructors and teachers to be more flexible thus limiting the barriers that may hinder learning among gifted students. Students are able to access inform ation and learning materials (Sriraman Dahl, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Benefits of Differentiated Curriculum in the Gifted Classroom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Differentiated curriculum is beneficial to the twice exceptional students. These are students who have disabilities and are also gifted. They may undergo some problems like discrimination by other students but differentiated curriculum allows the instructor to individually teach them. These boost their self esteem for they get to perfect their talents and feel they are like the other students. The instructor can apply affective curriculum to cater for their emotions and ethics. This makes sure the students are not left behind and they perfect their talents despite their disability (Rogers Karen, 2002). Reference List Garderen, D., Whittaker, C. (2006). Planning Differentiated, Multicultural Instruction For Secondary Inclusive Classroom s; Teaching Exceptional Children. New York: Great potential press. Rogers, J., Karen, B. (2002). Re-forming Gifted Education: How Parents and Teachers Can Match the Program to the Child. Scottsdale, AZ: Great Potential Press. Sriraman, B., Dahl, (2007). On Bringing Interdisciplinary Ideas To Gifted Education. In Press In L.V. Shavinina (Ed). The International Handbook Of Giftedness. New York: Springer Science

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

10 New Years Resolutions for Career Success in 2017

10 New Years Resolutions for Career Success in 2017 It’s hard to believe, but 2017 is right around the corner. This can be a great time to take stock and press the reset button, making positive resolutions for the future. These are often focused on personal improvement goals or hobbies, but could just as easily be a chance to buckle down, focus, and advance your career. This year, consider tailoring your resolutions to maximize career success, making sure to choose realistic goals that you can meet in any given year, rather than having the same goals end up on your resolutions list year in and year out without anything coming of it.Here are 10 of the best New Year’s resolutions for career advancement and success.1. Get PromotedSit down and take yourself through an evaluation of your career. What’s working well? What areas need attention? Then come up with a game plan for what your next step should be- be that a raise or a promotion. Figure out what you’d have to do to make either of those things happen, the n set about doing just that. You can’t always control the outcome, but you can control putting yourself in the best possible position.2. Acquire a SkillIt’s never too late to learn something new- and it’s always a great way to beef up your resume. Pick something that will fill a gap in your hiring profile, or that will really help you move to the next stage. Above all, pick something that interests you so you’ll be sure to follow through.3.  Become an Industry ExpertMake a resolution to keep a better eye on industry news and trends. Read blogs or newsletters or news sites that are relevant to your career and do it daily. With your morning coffee, perhaps. Being informed is an asset, and you’ll be surprised at how knowledgeable you become- and how valuable you’ll make yourself.4. Organize Your LifeBeing more organized is always an ongoing project. But this year pick one or a few things that you can be more proactive about. Separate your per sonal and professional social media spheres. Clean out your email inbox and come up with a system to keep it clean, starting fresh every day at 0 unread messages. Tidy your desk. Make a to-do list. Figure out a way to keep yourself efficient and productive all year long.5. SchmoozeWe could all always be doing more networking. Take your connection-making goals off the back burner and start building your network. Get active online, on LinkedIn and Facebook and Twitter, attend more industry events, ask a contact out for an informational coffee. Try doing at least one networking thing a month, then build to two or even one a week.6. Get HealthyYou’ll be surprised at how much difference a little extra sleep and some healthy eating can make. Cut back on alcohol or sugar. Exercise more. Quit smoking. You’ll live longer, have more energy, and find yourself much more motivated overall to reach your other goals.7. Learn How to Take CriticismHow we handle criticism is important. Train yourself to seek out constructive criticism and to be less defensive when hearing what you could be doing better. Feedback like this can be a great way to locate places where you ought to focus more. Free career advice!8. Quit If You Have ToIf your job is a dead-end, or you know you should have left long ago, consider making this the year you take the leap. Make sure you have a safety net and plan in place, but make turning your career around a priority.  9. Say Yes to What Scares YouIf someone offers you an opportunity or a challenge, take it. Don’t just demure because it would require more work or energy or is a bit risky. Leap at the big chances and see how far you can run.10. Find BalanceWork-life balance is a term so often thrown around these days. Take a minute to see where your particular balance falls out of whack, and figure out a solid plan on how to correct that imbalance. Remember, when you’re healthy and happy, you’ll work harder and achieve more.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Research pROPOSAL Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Proposal Example The problem becomes all the more significant because, as evidence suggests, â€Å"biological, psychological and social factors are all important in understanding the causes of eating disorders† (Keel & Levitt 58). This paper attempts to identify this problem as a major and widespread health concern in the US and will also try to examine various measures to counter the problem. The research will be conducted on the premise that eating disorders are a widespread health issue in the American society and it will focus on the following research questions: Eating disorders are a widespread problem in the US and in order to contain this menace authorities should attempt to create awareness among the citizens about its causes and effects as well as preventive measures. The researcher proposes to conduct the research mainly using secondary sources, in terms of available literature on the topic. The research will be conducted within the campus, using library resources, internet etc. In addition, wherever feasible, the researcher will also attempt to gain some primary data from within the community sources by interviewing a sample population of a few patients ailing with the problem. Besides, the researcher will also explore the possibility of obtaining information from healthcare professionals including dieticians. The paper, towards the end of the introduction, will contain the thesis statement that â€Å"Eating disorders are a widespread problem in the US and in order to contain this menace authorities should attempt to create awareness in the citizens about its causes and effects as well as preventive measures.† Concepts about beauty in the modern day require people to become thin and thus young females and males ignore the need for balanced diet in the hope to become leaner and thereby develop eating disorders. In order to attain a

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 19

Reading Response - Essay Example Deuchler believes that it is possible to balance between literacy and other vital domestic chores amongst women. Although the author expects transformation of the women from Choson dynasty in terms of their cultural believes, they still stick to their traditions. Deuchler explains that the effect of dynastic transitions did not alternate the rules that affected women as was the case with the women of Choson dynasty and gives example with Chinese women. The author believed that despite the grasp of classical literature and transitional changes of dynasty the primary role of women as wives still remained vital1. Deuchler highlights some key elite women such as Yunjingdang and Saimdang who did exceptionally well both with their grasp of classical literature, calligraphic painting and outstanding dedication management of the household2. The sources used have greatly added value to the writing by providing examples that have helped in authenticating the topic of discussion. The author got the information from the source cited below and the main intention was to highlight the fact that a woman can effectively balance her duty as a wife with talents and

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Human Factors in Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Human Factors in Security - Essay Example It only takes a single lapse to put the classified data and information resources at risk. Thus, the sensitive data may be acquired unlawfully, damaged, or modified because personnel have either become complacent or are assuming new responsibilities without specific security awareness. Therefore, efficient security indoctrination measures must be planned and applied to manage all risks associated with Information and Communication Technologies. Managers at all levels have to ensure that, the indoctrination of AAN personnel commences on induction and continues throughout the progression of their career. 2. The Report In the following paragraph a brief report is presented by AAN managers in order to raise a winning bid for a huge contract. 2.1 Highly Secretive Organizations AAN Limited is involved in designing hundreds of small electrical products and consists of highly professional manpower. Over the last 3 years, the company has been exploring the Asian markets. In order to make a su ccessful bid for winning a huge contract for Indian government, the company is required to change its overall structure and working environment. In order to gain the optimum confidence level of Indian government, AAN Limited is going to change itself into a highly secretive organization. It means the company has to create a highly secured and protective environment to keep all of its business projects confidential not only from external factors but also from any unauthorized persons even belong to AAN. On the contrary, a constricted deliberation related to security devices as a whole may initiate a counterfeit confidence in the system (Turn & Ware, 1975). A cultural shift surrounded by in-depth awareness of information security is needed to win the desired contract. AAN can execute this project through its short and long term strategic objectives. This can be achieved by close coordination of planning, communication, peer review, and documentation (Kevin, Gene, & George, 2004) (a) E stablishment of Department of Information Security Management at headquarters level and IT Centre at section levels (b) Formulation of information security doctrine (c) Designation of IT Officers at section level (d) Provision of information security awareness to all personnel (e) Ensure the use of only officially procured and registered hardware and software (f) All hardware and media is to bear appropriate security marking (g) Ensure that no unauthorized hardware is used 2.2 Human Factors in Security 2.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities Roles and responsibilities of all personnel with respect to information security have been clearly defined by all stakeholders. The word ‘security’ means the controlling methods by which a computer, some other devices, or information contained in them are modified (Miller, 1971).

Sunday, October 27, 2019

String, procedure and macros in microprocessor

String, procedure and macros in microprocessor Strings In Microprocessor In order to understand strings, one has to keep in mind that a string is made up of an array of characters. The string data type is an in-built data type that is an array of 256 characters (type string= parked array of chaege). When stored in memory, the processor should know where the string starts and where it finishes. In order to know where the string finishes, in Pascal, the 0th element of a string is defined as the length of the string. So, if you try to access character 0 of a string, the number of characters stored in that array is returned, thus letting the processor to know where the string finishes. The power arc behavior on HV insulator strings is studied with regard to both the testing procedures and the design of guard devices. More precisely, the paper discusses the problems of firing the arc with an impulse or a fuse wire and the importance of the symmetry conditions of the supply and the return circuit in order to obtain reproducible and representative tests. The consequences of such testing procedures in the design of HV transmission lines are shown in some typical cases, that is, for vertical and for V- insulator strings. A string-oriented operating system for Intel-8080-based microcomputers is described. The system consists of a hierarchy of virtual machines. The lowest level virtual machines extend the instruction set of the 8080 to include additional 16-bit arithmetic and logical instructions, new data types, and operators. The data types include strings and string operators derived from the SNOBOL programming language. A table data type is constructed from strings, and table-manipulation operators are provided. A bit-map data type and associated operators are also included. An Input/Output Control System (IOCS) support device-independent IO to multiple devices and diskette files. File name aliases permit many logical IO streams to be dynamically mapped onto a restricted set of physical IO units. Pseudo device handlers expand the capabilities of IO devices and are transparent to application programs. Distributed command decoders interpret IO command strings. Once communication is established with a logical device, a low-overhead IO Vector mechanism may be used for further access. A keyboard monitor provides interactive debugging facilities to application programmers. System resource allocation is implementation dependent and is not embedded in the system nucleus. Multiple implementations over a range of system sizes have demonstrated the utility and adaptability of WIZARD. Apparatus and methods for testing a microprocessor chip using dedicated scan strings A test apparatus and method for design verification of at least one microprocessor chip includes a compatible Joint Task Action Group (JTAG) terminal for access to a plurality of computer functional units contained in the chip. A test input terminal included in the JTAG terminal receives a scan string, the string being coupled to each computer functional unit through a first multiplexer. The scan input string is separated by the JTAG terminal under program control into a series of dedicated scan strings, each dedicated scan string being supplied to a selected functional unit through the first multiplexer. Each functional unit includes start and stop scan clocks for testing the functional under program control using the dedicated scan train for the functional unit. A test output terminal included in the JTAG terminal is coupled to each functional unit through a second multiplexer. The test results of the dedicated scan string under control of the scan clock are supplied to the output terminal through the second multiplexer. The compatible JTAG terminal includes further elements for controlling the scan clocks to select a targeted functional unit for testing purposes while the scan strings for non-targeted functional units remain in an inactive state. Macros In Microprocessor A macro is a set of tasks combined together so that you can run or replay the entire task together with a single command. Macros are a powerful productivity tool. With macros you can perform long or boring tasks just by a single click. If you think you are doing the same task again and again and it is frustrating and wasting your time and energy, you are ready to use macros. Even if it is not getting on your nerve, using a macro is a smart and fun way of working. A microprocessor with a macro-rom exhibits reduced latency time and greater flexibility by including both a macro-rom queue and a main program queue. The arrangement eliminates the undesirable latency associated with fetching program as part of a return sequence from a macro-rom instruction. Also, the arrangement allows parameters to be extracted from the main program queue as the macrosequence is executing from the macro-roms program queue. Field Of The Invention : The integrated chip greatly improved the use for transistors, but it could only do what it was originally programmed to do. It couldnt change programs, and it certainly couldnt remember anything. This invention relates to microprocessor organizations and more particularly to such an organization including a macro-rom. Background Of The Invention : A microprocessor includes a datapath portion and a control portion. Data and addresses are manipulated in the datapath portion. The control portion is operative to decode instructions in a program into a form suitable for controlling that manipulation. Programs typically are stored in a main memory external to the chip and include sequences of instructions and data at specified addresses in the memory. The control portion of the microprocessor conveniently comprises a programmable logic array (PLA) for decoding instructions from main memory as well as auxiliary logic circuitry for applying decoded instructions to the datapath. A PLA includes an input register and an output register each having a set of latches. Instructions from main memory are applied to the latches of the input register typically during a first phase of each clock cycle of operation. During a second phase of each cycle, the latches of the output register are set to provide the binary code for controlling the datapath for the next subsequent cycle of operation. An instruction applied to the input register is called an op-code, and the output of the PLA (output register) is called a line of microcode. Each such line of microcode determines the state of the microprocessor for the instant cycle of operation. A PLA is characterized by feedback loops between the output register and the input register. These feedback loops carry binary data back to the input register to modify some bits of the input to the PLA in a manner to generate a sequence of related states. A PLA is able, thus, to generate a sequence of related microcode lines in response to each of one or more instructions in the program. As is most often the case, data located at more than a single address in the main memory are required in order for even a single instruction to produce useful results. These data must be accessed and moved to (fetched from main memory) on-chip registers in the datapath under the control of consecutive microcde lines in response to the single instruction. It typically takes a number of clock cycles to accomplish this movement of data even in response to a single instruction. The requisite number of clock cycles for such movement is reduced if the microprocessor includes an on-chip queue in which the instructions and data for a portion of a program can be stored. If this portion of the program is prefetched (i.e., fetched during earlier cycles) and stored in an on-chip queue in consecutive locations in the queue, the program can then be executed without wasting extra cycle time to access data stored in the main memory. Instead, the requisite instructions and data, when required, are obtained in a single cycle from the first location in the queue. Instructions in the queue are then applied to the input register of the PLA, and data in the queue are applied to elements of the datapath. Limitations imposed upon the speed of microprocessor operation by the bandwidth of the input/output (I/O) bus which carries instructions from main memory are thus reduced in microprocessors which include such a program queue into which such prefetched instructions and data ar e stored temporarily. A macro-rom is used to store on-chip, frequently-used programs called routines. Such routines are often called for in the execution of certain instructions called macro-instructions. A macro-rom is a word organized, on-chip, read-only-memory (ROM) operative to generate an ouput sequence of binary codes (coded words) in response to a corresponding sequence of input codes. The input codes are applied to the macro-rom from an on-chip register controlled by the output register of the PLA. Operation of the macro-rom is initiated when a program in main memory calls for a macro-instruction to be applied to the input register of the PLA. The PLA responds to generate microcode, specified bits of which set specified latches of the output register of the PLA for configuring the datapath elements (i.e., the queue, counter, address register, . . . ) to execute routines stored in the macro-rom and for activating the macro-rom as well. In turn, the macro-rom applies appropriate portions of the routine to the PLA input register. The routine is selected by the macro-instruction which specifies the addresses in the macro-rom at which the firt byte of the selected routine is stored. Consecutive macro-rom outputs typically are not applied directly to the PLA because a macro-rom instruction is not necessarily aligned in a proper field for the input register of the PLA, and execution is slow due to the requirement of several clock cycles for accessing a macro-rom memory to obtain an instruction. Instead, the selected macro-rom program is also stored in the queue. However, the selected routine cannot be stored in the queue without first erasing all unexecuted data then stored in the queue when the macro-rom is activated. The reason for this is that the queue is a sequential memory which can be loaded only from one end and read out only from the other. In the absence of erasing the unexecuted data, the routine from the macro-rom thus would not be located properly with respect to the unexecuted program already in the queue and would often occupy more space than would be available in the queue. Consequently, for proper operation, unexecuted program is erased and the qu eue is filled with a routine from the macro-rom. Procedure In Microprocessor The suboptimum detection procedure based on the weighting of partial decisions (WPD) was introduced as an improvement of one-bit-quantisation digital matched filtering, also known as binary matched filtering (BMF). The WPD is characterised by minimal additional hardware and software requirements but considerably better performance in comparison with BMF. A primary application of the WPD is the implementation of cost-effective medium-speed voice-band data medem receivers, but it can also be used in a number of other parametric and nonparametric detection problems. Formerly, the WPD was analysed only for binary transmission with an antipodal set of signalling waveforms. In this paper, the concept of the WPD is generalise and analysed theorectically for M-ary transmission with an arbitrary set of equal-energy signalling waveforms. Here, it is treated as the generalise procedure with BMF is its special case. The results of the performance analysis are provided, as well. These Operating Procedures outline the orderly transaction of business of this committee. For the development of standards, openness and due process must apply, which means that any individual with a direct and material interest has a right to participate by: a) expressing a position and its basis, b) having that position considered, and c) appealing if adversely affected. Due process allows for equity and fair play. In addition to openness, due process requires balance, i.e., the standards development process should have a balance of interests and shall not be dominated by any single interest category. Refrences 1- www.macro-automation.htm 2- www.microstat.php.htm 3- www.answers.com 4- www.microprocessor.htm 5- www.micropinv.htm